A question that frequently arises in paragliding is the use of different altitudes in standalone varios or vario apps. Pilots will notice that most variometer provide the opportunity to select between different altitudes although most of the time an auto preselected altitude will be flown. So, which altitudes are supported by the vario app?
The MSL altitude is aligned upon start-up of the vario app with the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) reported Mean Sea Level (MSL) altitude. This is the altitude above mean sea level as reported by the GNSS and is automatically selected. This altitude is parsed from NMEA sentences and is not the WGS84 altitude that is reported as default.
$GNGGA, 091133.00, 5215.695596, N, 01030.233892, E, 1, 12, 0.8, 111.7, M, 43.2, M, ,*73
example GNGGA nmea sentence at 09:11:33 UTC with msl altitude of 111.7m
You can check the difference between WGS84 and MSL altitudes reported by the GNSS in Settings -> Status. It is important to note that some, rather cheap phones, might not be equipped with the capability to provide NMEA sentences.
The Flight Level is the barometric altitude for a reference pressure of 1013.25hPa. The flight level itself is reported in hundreds of feet. With that a flight level of FL95 refers to 9500 feet which in turn equals roughly 3000 meters. This is the altitude assuming a standard mean sea level pressure of 1013.25 hPa. Whenever the true mean sea level pressure is higher than 1013.25 hPa the flight level reported will be lower than the MSL altitude and vice versa. The idea of flight levels can be summarized as to provide the capability to fly on different or rather separated flight levels (in terms of altitude) using just the (calibrated) barometer and an agreed reference pressure.
which is a barometric altitude with the reference pressure set to a QNH pressure from a relevant or nearby METAR station. QNH can be described as the virtual mean sea level pressure. METAR is a format for reporting weather information. This is the altitude assuming the QNH pressure at mean sea level. Setting the QNH pressure as reference at mean sea level, a QNH altitude of zero meters or feet would be expected. A sample METAR could look like this:
2024/03/02 13:20
EDVE
021320Z 13008T 100V160
CAVOK 14/04 Q1005
The virtual mean sea level pressure is reported as 1005 hPa (lower than the standard 1013.25 hPa) by a station with EDVE as ICAO airport code.
which is the barometric pressure at field elevation e. g. airports. Setting this pressure, at field elevation an altitude of zero should be provided.
This is an altitude that can be set to any value by the pilot and initially is set to the ground level elevation at the current location. This can be helpful if GNSS is providing wrong altitudes and a QNH pressure is not known but the correct altitude is known.